17.6.2001: TCP/IP

- Protocol - Tatacara
- Set of rules to follow
- Combination Between TCP and IP
- Transmission Control Protocal Internet Protocol
- Use To Communication ( Untuk perhubungan )
- Language To Communication

* Why We Need Use Protocol
-to make it in order ( Untuk melancarkan sesuatu urusan )

* OSi Layer
7. applications
6. presentations
5. session
4. transport
3. network
2. data link
1. physical

* TCP / IP Layer
- applications (telnet, snmp, smtp, phcp)
- transport (tcp, udd)
- internet (IP, ICMP)
- network access (ethernet, token ring)

* IP Terminology (Binary System)
- bit - Combination number 0 and 1
- byte - scale between 7 and 8bit cthnya 11101101 dan 000100100 = 1 byte
- octet - always 8bit (hanya 8bit sahaja tidak ada lebih dan kurang) cthnya 10101011 dan 01010100 = 1 octet

* IP Address
- alamat untuk komputer
- usually numerical number 0 - 9
- unique address
- device into 2 - IPV 4 & IPV 6

* IPV 4 (internet protocal version 4)
- 4 octet (32bit)
- 4 class IP address
- 2^32 = 4 294 967 296 (untuk seluruh dunia)
- binary and decimal
cthnya kiraan binary bagi 192.168.100.1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 (^=kuasa)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255 (tidak boleh lebih 255)
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128 + 64 = 192
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 = 128 + 32 + 8 = 168
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 = 64 + 32 + 4 = 100
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 1

cth decimal = 192.168.100.1

* IPV 6(internet protocal version 6)
- hexadecimal 128bit(16byte) cthnya 2002:DOFI:1234:0000:FFFB:AO32:0000:0000
- 2002:DOFI:1234:0000 (network)
- FFFB:A032:0000:0000 (host)
- 2002 wajib ada 16bit cthnya 0011011101101101

* Class Of IP Address


- class A - 1 hingga 126 - class yang selalu guna, very large network
- class B - 128 hingga 191 - class yang selalu guna, large network
- class C - 192 hingga 223 - class yang selalu guna, small network
- class D - 224 hingga 239 - Reserved
- class E - 240 hingga 255 - Experimental

(***) 127.0.0.0 dan 127.255.255.255 = loopbacker / localhost
0 = network address = 00000000 = 0
255 = broadcase address = 1111111111 = 1

private ip address

-ada 3 class :-
* class a- 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255,very large network
* class b- 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255,large network
* class c- 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255, small network

static ip address vs dynamic ip address

-static ip address
* assigned by it administrator
* ip tidak berubah,baik untuk sharing fail - kebaikan
* security lemah - keburukan

- dynamic ip address
* berubah-ubah, assigned by DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server
* tidak baik untuk sharing fail - keburukan
* security baik kerana ip sentiasa berubah-ubah

subnet mask
-similar to ip address
-4 octet
-use to identify host id & network id
-ada 3 class :-
*class a (network id,host id)
ip 10 .1.1.1
s/m 255.0.0.0

*class b (network id,host id)
ip 172.16 .30.30
s/m 255.255.0.0

*class c (network id,host id)
ip 192.168.1 .1
s/m 255.255.255.0